Arctostaphylos uva ursi

Bearberry (kinnikinnick) is a low, creeping evergreen shrub that forms a dense mat of small, leathery leaves. In spring it carries small white to pink urn-shaped flowers, followed by red berries that can persist into fall and winter and provide food for wildlife. ## Landscape and growing conditions The [North Carolina Extension Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/arctostaphylos-uva-ursi/common-name/bearberry/) and [Oregon State University profile](https://landscapeplants.oregonstate.edu/plants/arctostaphylos-uva-ursi) describe bearberry as a prostrate mat-forming evergreen groundcover about 6–12 inches tall; NC State lists a 3–6 foot width. It suits rock gardens, open woodland edges, dry slopes, and broad areas where a slow-spreading mat can fill space. Plant in sun to part shade in sandy or rocky, well-drained soil; avoid compacted ground and persistently wet conditions, which can promote root disease. Drought tolerance applies after establishment, and the species is not well suited to hot, humid eastern summers. ## Seasonal interest Small flowers bloom in spring. Green berries turn red in fall and may remain through winter; leaves can bronze in cold weather before returning to green. Birds and other wildlife use the fruit, and the plant serves as a larval host for several elfin butterflies. ## Maintenance Choose the site carefully because bearberry dislikes transplanting. Water regularly while establishing, then reduce irrigation in suitable dry climates. Weed around young plants without disturbing their shallow, spreading stems; routine pruning is rarely needed.