Fourwing Saltbush

Fourwing saltbush is a highly adaptable native shrub of western North American drylands. Its fine silver-gray foliage, upright branching form, and persistent four-winged seed coverings bring structure to wildlife gardens, restoration plantings, and exposed, low-water sites. ## Form and seasonal interest This variable species can be evergreen in mild climates and winter-deciduous in colder areas. Mature height varies widely with ecotype, soil, and climate, from about 1 to 8 feet. Male flowers occur in red-to-yellow spikes; female flowers are inconspicuous. The distinctive four-winged fruit turns pale yellow and may remain on branches into winter. It is generally dioecious, so fruiting depends on the sex and proximity of plants. ## Siting and soil Plant in full sun for a dry, open location. It tolerates many soils but is best suited to deep, well-drained loam, sand, or gravel; it also tolerates saline and somewhat sodic soil. Avoid sites with a high water table or prolonged winter flooding. Once established it is very drought tolerant. Deep roots help stabilize slopes, while the shrub provides browse and cover for birds and mammals. ## Maintenance Water while establishing, then reduce supplemental irrigation as roots develop. Allow space for a naturally rounded shrub and retain fruiting branches for winter wildlife value. Avoid planting beside roads where browsing wildlife may be drawn toward traffic; local ecotypes are preferable for restoration.