River Birch Tree

River birch (Betula nigra) is a fast-growing deciduous North American tree known for peeling bark and golden autumn leaves. Mature size varies with growing conditions and whether it develops as a single- or multi-stem tree. ## Landscape use Use it as a large specimen or shade tree, or in a spacious low area near a pond or stream. Its upright pyramidal to oval crown and exfoliating bark provide structure beyond the growing season. Allow room for a broad crown and avoid tight tree lawns or small planting pits. [University of Florida IFAS](https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST094) reports a mature height of 40–50 feet and spread of 25–35 feet, while [University of Wisconsin Extension](https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/river-birch-betula-nigra/) describes larger mature specimens, illustrating variation by site and form. ## Siting and water Provide full sun or partial shade and moist soil. River birch performs well in wet conditions, while acidic soil helps prevent chlorosis. ## Maintenance Water consistently during establishment and extended dry weather. Prune selectively to remove dead or damaged branches and maintain the natural crown. Leave adequate soil space for a mature tree.