Black Hawthorn

Black hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii) is a deciduous, thorny large shrub or small tree with a dense, often multi-stemmed crown. White flowers open in spring, followed by red fruit that ripens to black; the fruit is edible, and the flowers attract pollinators. [North Carolina State Extension](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/crataegus-douglasii/common-name/blackthorn/) lists mature dimensions of 10–26 feet tall and 10–25 feet wide and USDA zones 4–8, while [Oregon State University](https://landscapeplants.oregonstate.edu/plants/crataegus-douglasii) describes taller plants in some settings. ## Growing Conditions Grow in full sun or partial shade. This hawthorn accepts clay, loam, or sandy soils and does well in moist, well-drained ground; it can also tolerate drought after establishment. Its natural range includes western North America, and it suits woodland edges, riparian plantings, and wildlife-focused gardens. ## Garden Use Dense branching offers cover and nesting places for birds. Spring flowers support pollinators, and the fall fruit adds seasonal color and food for wildlife. The thorny branches can make the plant effective as a hedge or informal screen where people will not brush against it. ## Maintenance Give young plants regular water while roots establish. Allow enough space for the mature crown, and use gloves when pruning because the branches bear stout thorns. Remove dead or damaged wood and clear fallen fruit where it would create a nuisance.