Encephalartos

Encephalartos is an African genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae. Its members are cone-bearing gymnosperms, not flowering palms, and their leaf shape, size, climate needs, and garden performance vary substantially by species. ## Identification Kew describes Encephalartos as shrubs or trees with varied trunks, leafy crowns, and reproductive cones. The genus includes plants from different habitats across Africa, so a genus-level record cannot describe one universal mature size, exposure, or watering schedule. ## Garden Use Cycads are grown as architectural foliage specimens where their mature form has room to develop. Choose a species account before placing a plant outdoors or in a container; habitat and cold tolerance differ across the genus. The [Kew cycad collection](https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/cyads-collection) includes Encephalartos and other Zamiaceae, while the [Kew overview of cycads](https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/oldest-pot-plant-in-world-eastern-cape-giant-cycad) explains their cone-based reproduction. ## Maintenance Use the identified species' guidance for light, drainage, water, and protection from cold. Keep the root area well drained and avoid assuming that care for one Encephalartos applies to all species.