Encephalartos ferox

Encephalartos ferox is a compact cycad best known for arching, dark green, holly-like leaves and vivid orange-red cones. It grows in coastal bush, dune-forest margins and wooded grassland along the southeastern African coast. In gardens, partial shade, regular water and a free-draining soil suit this species. ## Form and setting The [SANBI species account](https://pza.sanbi.org/encephalartos-ferox) describes a usually subterranean stem, sometimes producing basal suckers, with leaves about 1–2 m long. Separate male and female plants bear different cones; the female cones are broad and ovoid, while male cones are narrower and cylindrical. The species is often found in shade near dune forest and in wooded grassland. ## Siting and care SANBI recommends partial shade and plenty of water. Sandy or loam soil is listed for cultivation; drainage should still be good so the crown and roots do not remain waterlogged. Its size and foliage make it a strong focal plant, and the species can also be grown in a well-drained container. ## Maintenance Keep moisture more consistent during warm active growth, while reducing watering in cool or wet periods. Remove only dead leaves and keep sharp leaflets clear of paths. Cycads are regulated in many places, so use documented nursery-propagated plants and check local rules before moving them.