Geraniums

Geranium is a diverse genus of annual, biennial, and perennial plants commonly called cranesbills. Species differ in stature, flower color, bloom period, foliage, and hardiness, so choose a plant by its exact species or cultivar rather than assuming one size or season fits the whole genus. ### Flowers and foliage The familiar hardy garden forms have lobed leaves and five-petaled flowers in colors that range from white and pink to blue and purple. Some form compact mounds, while others spread or sprawl; bloom time also varies by selection. The [University of Iowa Extension guide](https://yardandgarden.extension.iastate.edu/how-to/growing-perennial-geraniums-iowa) distinguishes true perennial Geraniums from tender Pelargoniums and describes this variation. The [RHS growing guide](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/geranium/growing-guide) covers both hardy and tender types. ### Choosing a site For hardy cranesbills, full sun to part shade and well-drained soil suit many garden selections. Some species tolerate shade better than others, and alpine types need sharper drainage; check the plant's identity before applying these general recommendations. Good uses include borders, rock gardens, and groundcover plantings where the chosen form has room to spread. Do not treat the catalog size range as universal across the genus. ## Maintenance Avoid waterlogged soil, particularly for hardy garden types, and water newly planted specimens while they establish. Remove spent flower stems when a tidier display or some repeat bloom is wanted. Divide suitable clump-forming perennials in spring or fall when they outgrow their space, following the needs of the selected species.