Kentucky Coffee Tree

Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioicus) is a large deciduous native tree recognized by its coarse, architectural branches and exceptionally large compound leaves. It leafs out late in spring, carries a high, open crown in summer, and shows its branching form after the leaves fall. ## Form and Seasonal Interest A mature tree commonly reaches about 60–80 feet tall with a 40–55 foot spread, though growth varies by site. The [University of Minnesota Urban Forestry Outreach profile](https://trees.umn.edu/kentucky-coffeetree-gymnocladus-dioica) gives this size range and notes its broad shade-tree role; the [Iowa State University guide](https://naturalresources.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/kentucky_coffeetree.html) describes the late spring leaf-out, yellow-to-brown autumn color, and persistent winter pods. ## Siting Give it full sun and ample room for its eventual canopy. Kentucky coffeetree adapts to a range of soils; it prefers moist, well-drained ground but can also grow on clay, limestone, and drought-prone sites. Iowa State lists USDA zones 3–8. Female trees produce woody pods, while male selections avoid that litter. ## Maintenance Prune in winter or early spring to guide young structure and remove damaged branches. Account for the large leaves and possible pods when choosing a location, and keep seeds and pods away from children and animals; the [University of Kentucky profile](https://horticulture.ca.uky.edu/sites/horticulture.ca.uky.edu/files/KY%20Coffeetree%20-%20Gymnocladus%20dioicus.pdf) notes their toxicity.