Holly (Ilex)

Holly is the common name for Ilex, a large genus of woody shrubs and trees with substantial variation in leaf retention, size, fruit, and climate range. Species and cultivars may be evergreen or deciduous, so choose a named plant for the mature form and winter character you want. ## Form and seasonal interest Hollies range from small shrubs and ground covers to large specimen trees and screens. Many have small flowers and berry-like fruit, but fruiting depends on the species and, in many hollies, a pollinated female plant with a compatible male nearby. The North Carolina Extension Plant Toolbox describes the genus’ varied landscape uses and its male/female flowering pattern. ## Siting Many hollies grow in full sun or partial shade and prefer acidic, well-drained soil. Their tolerance of moisture, heat, cold, and shade varies by species; check the selected plant’s requirements before placing it. American holly is one example, with evergreen foliage and red fruit, but those traits should not be assumed for every Ilex. ## Maintenance Select the species or cultivar before planning mature spacing. Watch for spider mites and nematodes, and avoid strongly alkaline soil where susceptible hollies may develop yellowing leaves. [North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ilex/common-name/deciduous-holly-hybrids/) and [USDA NRCS American holly fact sheet](https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/factsheet/pdf/fs_ilop.pdf) provide genus context and a species-specific example.