Holly Shrubs

English holly (Ilex aquifolium) is a slow-growing, broadleaf evergreen that can grow as a dense pyramidal tree or be trained as a hedge. Glossy, spiny leaves provide year-round structure; small fragrant white flowers appear in spring, and pollinated female plants can carry red fruit into winter. ## Site and use NC State reports mature dimensions of 30–50 ft tall and 15–25 ft wide, and recommends English holly as a specimen, foundation planting, or tall hedge. Choose full sun or partial shade and moist, well-drained soil; saturated ground can cause root problems. [NC State Extension](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ilex-aquifolium/) [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/9087/ilex-aquifolium/details) ## Pollination and fruit Holly plants are male or female, so a female needs pollen from a male to set fruit. Berries are ornamental and should not be eaten; site them with children and pets in mind. ## Maintenance Trim hedges in early spring; pruning can reduce flowers and fruit the following year because they form on new growth. Wear gloves when handling spiny foliage.