Cochineal Cactus

Cochineal cactus is an upright, jointed succulent with bright green pads and a tree-like form as it matures. Kew accepts Opuntia cochenillifera and lists Nopalea cochenillifera as a synonym; the synonym’s description notes that plants are usually unarmed or nearly so, though tiny glochids remain present ([Kew Plants of the World Online](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1008816-2/general-information)). ## Form and interest The flattened green joints create a strong sculptural silhouette, while red to scarlet flowers and red fruit add seasonal color. The cactus has a notable history as a host for cochineal insects used to produce red dye. Keep the mature form clear of narrow paths because the areoles can carry irritating glochids. ## Siting Choose a bright, sunny position with sharply draining soil. North Carolina State Extension’s [Opuntia guidance](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia/) describes prickly pears as suited to full sun and dry, well-drained sites; wet soil can cause root problems. The species is native to Mexico and is described by Kew as a succulent tree of desert or dry-shrubland biomes. ## Maintenance Handle pads carefully and wear sturdy gloves; glochids detach readily and can irritate skin. Allow the planting medium to drain freely, and avoid keeping it persistently wet.