Peony (Paeonia)

*Paeonia* includes herbaceous peonies, woody-stemmed tree peonies, and intersectional Itoh hybrids. These long-lived garden plants are grown for large, showy flowers and attractive foliage, but mature size, winter habit, bloom timing, and flower color vary substantially among species and cultivars. ### Forms and garden use Herbaceous peonies die back to the ground in winter, while tree peonies retain woody stems; Itoh hybrids combine traits of both. Flowers range from single to fully double and occur in many colors. Use appropriately sized selections in perennial borders, as specimens, or in cutting gardens. [Iowa State Extension](https://yardandgarden.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/peony-paeonia-sp) discusses these distinct forms, and [NC State Extension](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/paeonia-herbaceous-types/common-name/peony/) describes the wide range of herbaceous cultivars. ### Siting and seasonal interest Most garden peonies flower in spring or early summer. They grow best in sun to light shade and fertile, well-drained soil; leave room for mature clumps and avoid planting close to tree roots. Water newly planted or actively growing plants as needed, especially while leaves and buds develop. Hardiness and chilling needs depend on the selected species or cultivar, so match the individual plant to the local climate. ## Maintenance Give herbaceous types time to establish, since flowering may be sparse for the first year or two after transplanting. Fall is a suitable time to plant or divide herbaceous peonies, and tall double-flowered cultivars may need support. Remove diseased foliage and cut back herbaceous stems after they die down; care for woody types according to their retained stems.